Indefinite Articles
The indefinite article are : A and AN
We use A before a consonant-sound
We use AN before a vowel-sound
The difference depends on the sound of the vowels and consonants, not the spelling
. Examples
a teacher
a peach
a woman
a house
a man
a useful book
a university
a European
an English teacher
an orange
an old woman
an hour
a house
an honest man
an heir
an honour
an Irish person
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Don't put A or AN before uncountable nouns )
I don't like milk.
Silence is golden.
(We're having soup for lunch
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Exercises
put 'a' or 'an' where necessary
.boy. ......
teacher. ........
hour. ......
island. .......
English teacher. ........
peach. ........
old man. ...........
year. .............
university. ..........
pen. ..............
apple. ..........
doctor. ............
aunt. ...............
.uncle. ..............
. tree. ............
.ice-cream. ..............
.habit. .............
student..........
..test. ..............
.Arabic book.............
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2
Second lesson:
the simple present of verb to be
This is my second lesson in which I shall talk about the use of the verb 'to be' in the present simple and its different forms
Affirmative :
Full forms :
I am a student.
You are a teacher.
He is a doctor.
She is a nurse.
It is a cat
We are students.
You are teachers.
They are doctors.
Short forms (contracted forms) :
I’m a French writer.
You’re a Moroccan player.
He’s an English actor
She’s an Egyptian teacher.
It’s an Arabic book.
We’re Spanish pupils.
You’re Italian lawyers.
They’re Brazilian tailors.
Negative :
Full forms :
I am not absent.
You are not from Rabat.
He is not ill.
She is not stupid.
It is not hot today.
We are not fine.
You are not bad.
They are not good.
Short forms :
I’m not happy.
You’re not/ you aren’t rich.
He’s not/ isn’t poor.
She’s not/ isn’t young.
It’s not/ isn’t a long day.
We’re not/ aren’t at home.
You’re not/ aren’t in the courtyard.
They’re not/ aren’t at school.
Interrogative (yes/ no questions) :
Am I tall ?
-Yes, you are.
No, you’re not.
Are you hungry ?
Yes, I am.
No, I am not.
Is he fat ?
Yes, he is.
No, he isn’t.
Is she a teacher ?
Yes, she is.
No, she’s not.
Is it a black pen ?
Yes, it is.
No, it is not.
Are we in the classroom ?
Yes, you are.
No, you aren’t.
Are you from Japan ?
Yes, we are.
No, we are not.
Are they intelligent ?
Yes, they are.
No, they aren’t.
Here are some exercises on this lesson :
A/ Complete the following sentences with : are – is -am
1-Said ---------good at math.
2- I -------- not as good at Math as Said.
3- John and Brian --------in Morocco for a couple of weeks.
4- Where ---------you from?
5- Where -------- your notebook?
6- They-------------happy
7- She-------------tall.
8- We------------cold.
9- The boy---------thirsty.
10- Rachid and I--------from Agadir.
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B/ Answer these questions using the right form of the verb to be :
1- Are you fine?
- No,--------------
2- Is it cold today?
Yes,-------------
3- Are they from Casablanca?
Yes,-------------
4- How old are you ?
I-------------18 years old.
5-Where is Khadija from ?
She---------from Fez.
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C/ Put these sentences in the negative form :
Example : I am a student
I am not a student.
1- Farid is at home.
2- Karim and his sister are hungry.
3- It’s a fine day.
4- He is a bus driver.
5- You are a lazy boy.
Good luck.
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3
Part One : Affirmative form
The simple present of all verbs
In this lesson, I will tackle the simple present tense of all verbs (I have already mentioned the present simple of the verb to be in my second lesson).
How to from the simple present tense?
A / There are only two basic forms for the simple present tense; one ends with -s and the other doesn't. Here are the rules, using the example of the verb to eat
I eat (simple form)
You eat (simple form)
He eats (simple form + s)
She eats (simple form + s)
It eats (simple form+ s)
We eat (simple form)
You eat (simple form)
They eat (simple form
IMPORTANT: Only THIRD PERSON SINGULAR subjects (he, she, it) must have a verb with an "s" at the end.
************************************************** **************************
B/ -S or -ES?
With most verbs, the third person singular form is created simply by adding -S. However, with some verbs, you need to add -ES or change the ending a little. Here are the rules:
1/ Verbs ending with "z", "sh" and "ch" "ss" and "o" must take an -es at the third person singular.
Examples
He passes (verb to pass
He wishes (verb to wish)
She watches (verb to watch
She buzzes (verb to buzz
He goes (verb to go
2/ Verbs ending with a consonant +y : you must change y to i and add 'es'.
Examples:
It flies (verb to fly
He studies (verb to study)
She carries (verb to carry
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C/ The simple present of the verb 'To Have'
The Simple Present of the verb to have is slightly irregular, since the bare infinitive is have, whereas the form of the verb used in the third person singular is has. The Simple Present of the verb to have is conjugated as follows:
I have
You have
He has
She has
It has
We have
you have
They have
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D/ The simple present of the verb'to do'
I do
You do
He does
She does
It does
We do
They do
4
The Simple Present of all Verbs
Part Two: Negative and Interrogative forms
Negative form
In order to form a negative statement,we use the simple present of the auxiliary do followed by not before the
bare infinitive of the verb
For example
I work :affirmative form
I don't work :negative form
you work
you don't work
He works
He doesn't work
She works
She doesn't work
It works
It doesn't work
We work
We don't work
You work
You don't work
They work
They don't work
................................
Interrogative form
Do I work
Do you work
Does he work
Does she work
Does it work
Do we work
Do you work
Do they work
..............................
Who's / Whose
5
Who’s this
Who’s this
This is my brother
And what’s his name
His name is Achraf
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Who are these
These are my cousins
What are their names
Their names are Mohcin and Salah.
************************************************** *********
Whose
Whose cat is it?
It’s Paul’s.
Whose car is it?
It’s Mary’s.
Whose pencils are they?
They are my sister’s.
Whose books are they?
They are Kamal’s.
Whose ruler is this?
It’s Samir’s.
Whose notebooks are these?
They are Maryam’s
6
Family Members
My father’s father is my grandfather.
My father’s wife is my mother.
My father’s son is my brother.
My father’s daughter is my sister.
My mother is my father’s wife.
My father is my mother’s husband.
My father’s/ mother’s brother is my uncle.
My father’s/ mother’s sister is my aunt.
My aunt’s / uncle’s son / daughter is my cousin.
My mother’s mother is my grandmother.
My brother’s / sister’s son is my nephew.
My brother’s / sister’s daughter is my niece.
My uncle, my aunt and my cousins are my relatives.
My father and my mother are my parents.
My grandfather and my grandmother are my grandparents.
My son and my daughter are my children.
My brother is my father’s / mother’s son.
My sister is my father’s / mother’s daughter.
My brother is my grandfather’s / grandmother’s grandson.
My sister is my grandmother / grandfather’s granddaughter.
7
Seventh Lesson
Food and Drink: Vocabulary :
Part One
1/ Fruits
Melon
Orange
Grapes
Watermelon
Apple
Lemon
Banana
Peach
Apricot
Pear
Strawberry
Cherry
Fig
Pineapple
Plum
Avocado
Pomegranate
Date
7
Lesson
Food and Drink: Vocabulary :
Part Two
2/ Vegetables
Onion
Carrot
Potato
Tomato
Turnip
Cabbage
Cauliflower
Lettuce
Peas
Beans
Pepper
Pumpkin
Radish
Eggplant / Aubergine
Garlic
Cucumber
Brocoli
Mushroom
Zucchini / Courgette
Spinach
Beet / Beetroot
Celery
Sweet potato / Yam
Green onion
Corn
Artichoke
8
Lesson
Food and Drink: Vocabulary :
Part Three
3/ Drinks
Milk
Water
Coffee
Orange Juice
Tea
Soup
Lemonade / Soft drink
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9
Lesson
Food and Drink: Vocabulary :
Part Four
4/ Meat
Beef
Chicken
Lamb
Fish
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10
Lesson
Food and Drink: Vocabulary :
Part Five
5/ Other Types of Food
Egg
Fried eggs
Bread
Rice
Cheese
Salad
Hotdog
Sandwish
Candies / Sweets
Big mac
French fries
Pizza
Sugar
Honey
Jam
Butter
Popcorn
Ketchup
chocolate
Cake
Ice cream
Spaghetti / Noodles
Flour
Muffin
********************************************
11
Lesson
Food and Drink: Vocabulary :
Last Part
6 / Spices
Parsley
Coriander
Cumin
Paprika
Cinnamon Powder
Turmeric
Black pepper
Ginger
Saffron
Salt
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12
Eighth Lesson
Countable and Uncountable Nouns
1-Countable Nouns
Countable nouns are easy to recognize. They are things that we can count. For example: "pen".
We can have one, two, three or more pens. Here are some more countable nouns:
• dog, cat, animal, man, person
• bottle, box, litre
• coin, note, dollar
• cup, plate, fork
• table, chair, suitcase, bag
Countable nounscan be singular or plural:
• My dog is playing.
• My dogs are hungry.
We can use the indefinite article a/an with countable nouns:
• A dog is an animal.
We can use some and any with countable nouns:
• I've got some dollars.
• Have you got any pens?
Wecan use a few/ few and many with countable nouns:
• I've got a few dollars.
• I haven't got many pens.
************************************************** ***********
2-Uncountable Nouns
Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannotdivide into separate elements. We cannot "count" them.
For example, we cannot count "milk".
. Here are some more examples of uncountable nouns:
• music, art, love, happiness
• advice, information, news
• furniture, luggage
• rice, sugar, butter, water
• electricity, gas, power
• money, currency
We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular. We use a singular verb. For example:
• This news is very important.
• This coffee tastes bad.
We do not use the indefinite article a/an with uncountable nouns. We cannot say "an information" or "a music".
But we can say :
• a piece of news
• a bottle of water
• a grain of rice
We can use some and any with uncountable nouns:
• I've got some money.
• Have you got any rice?
We can use a little and much with uncountable nouns:
• I've got a little money.
• I haven't got much rice.
********************************************
Exercises:
• A/ Write "c" if the noun is countable, "uc" if the noun is uncountable.
Example: tomato:"c"
1. tree
2. sugar
3. rice
4. water
5. cup
6. friend
7. school
8. love
9. table
10. time
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B/• Use a singular or plural verb in the following exercises.
Remember uncountable nouns always take singular nouns.
Example: I like cheese. (like)
1. She (read)………….books every day.
2. They (come )……………..to school by minibus .
3. Karim (work)…………….very hard at home.
4. I (like)……………….to sit at the seaside in Alanya.
5. We always (do) …………..the exercises very carefully.
6. Mounir never (****) ……………meals to us at home.
7. Some students (drive) ……………..very fast at the school campus.
8. He (speak)……………..two ********s ; English and French .
9. We (watch) …………..good films on tv every day
10. The class (begin)……………at 8:15
11. Milk...................healthy. (be)
12. Grape juice..................good. (taste)
13. Grapes.................delicious. (be)
14. A grape..................on the floor. (be)
15. Rome...............(be) a beautiful city.
16. Monkeys ....................bananas. (eat)
17. Sandwiches.......................... good. (be)
18. You........................ great pizza. (make)
19. The pictures ................beautiful. (look)
20. English...................... interesting. (be)
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Food and Drink
Countable VS Uncountable nouns
Countable
Examples
A carrot /carrots
An apricot /apricots
An orange / oranges
A cake /cakes
An avocado / avocados
A banana / banana
A cucumber / cucumbers
A potato / potatoes
A turnip / turnips
A courgette / courgettes
****************************************
Uncountable
Examples
Milk
Coffee
Sugar
Water
Lemonade
Juice
Cheese
Bread
Meat
Tea
Butter
Jam
Honey
Beef
Oil
13
There is / There are
There is a / an / + singular countable nouns
There is some + uncountable nouns.
There are + plural countable nouns.
Examples
There is a banana on the table.
There is some water in the fridge
There is some coffee in the kitchen
There is an apple in the basket
There is some tea in the teapot.
There is an orange in the plate.
There are some grapes in the fridge.
There are some carrots in the kitchen.
There are some eggs on the table.
- There are some potatoes in the basket.
Is there a / an / any
Are there any
Is there an apple in the kitchen
Yes, there is
No , there isn’t.
Is there a banana on the table
Yes, there is
Is there any water in the bottle
No, there isn’t.
Is there any tea in the teapot
Yes, there is / yes, there is some.
Are there any grapes on the table
Yes, there are.
Are there any onions in the basket
No ,there aren’t.
*********************************************
14
Food and Drink
Eating Habits
Sample Paragraph
I eat bread with olive oil or jam and I drink some powdered milk or tea with mint for breakfast. For lunch, I eat cucumber salad and beef tajine and I drink a cup of banana juice. I eat fried eggs or a bowl of rice and I drink a milkshake for dinner
I like fresh fish and green tea very much. I dislike sausages and black coffee
************************************************
Some useful expressions
I’m hungry
I’m thirsty
Let’s go and have some drink
Can you recommend a good restaurant
What would you like to eat / drink
Would you like some orange juice
What about some cakes
May I have the menu, please
I’d like the bill, please
Keep the change
That’s not what I ordered
May I change this
What kind of seafood do you have
What kind of meat do you have
What kind of poultry dishes do you serve
Can I get you a drink
Are you hungry/thirsty
Boiled
Grilled
Toasted
***************************************
Containers + uncountable nouns
We can add some words to make uncountable nouns countable. These words are called containers
For example we can say
A jar of jam
A can of coke.
A slice of cheese.
A bottle / a glass of water.
A loaf of bread.
A bar of chocolate.
A carton of milk.
A bag of flour.
A box of cereal
A bowl of sugar.
A pack of gum
A tub of margarine
A tube of ketchup.
A cup of coffee.
A pocket of butter.
etc
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15
Expressing permission
Can I go out
Yes, you can.
2/ Can I watch TV
No, you can’t
3/ Can I go to the cinema
No, you can’t.
4/ Can I sit near Rachid
Yes,you can.
5/ Can I change my place
Yes, you can.
6/ Can I drink some water
Yes, you can.
7/ Can I eat some buiscuits?
No, you can’t.
8/ Can I listen to music?
No, you can’t.
9/ Can I use your pen
Yes, you can.
10/ Can I play football
Yes, you can.
Things I can do in the classroom
I can read – I can speak – I can exchange ideas ...etc - .
Things I can’t do in the classroom
I can’t sleep – I can’t listen to radio – I can’t eat or drink – I can’t play football -...etc
Rule
Asking for permission
Can + Subject + verb
Accepting
Yes, you / he / she / they can
Refusing
No, you / he / she / they can’t
.
16
Expressing Time
Some useful expressions
What’s the time
What time is it
Excuse me. What time is it please
Excuse me. Do you have the time please
Excuse me. Could you tell me the time please
Can you tell me the time, please
Can you tell me what time it is
Excuse me. Do you happen to know what time it is
Do you have the time
Would you happen to know what time it is
******************************
Examples
04 : 00
It’s four o’clock
04 : 05
It’s five past four
04 : 08
It’s eight past four
04 : 10
It’s ten past four
04 : 12
It’s twelve past four
04 : 15
It’s a quarter past four
04 : 22
It’s twenty-two past four
04 : 25
It’s twenty-five past four.
04 : 30
It’s half past four
04 : 35
It’s twenty-five to five
04 : 40
It’s twenty to five
04 : 45
It’s a quarter to five
04 : 50
It’s ten to five
04 : 55
It’s five to to five
05 : 00
It’s five o’clock
It’s midday : 12 pm
It’s noon : 12 pm
It’s midnight : 12 am
Pm : afternoon
Am :: morning
************************************************** **********************************
Daily Activities
1/ what time do you get up?
I get up at seven o’clock
2/ what time do you have breakfast?
I have breakfast at half past seven.
3/ what time does Samir go to school?
He goes to school at a quarter to eight.
4/ what time does she come back home?
She comes back home at midday.
5/ What time do your parents have lunch?
They have lunch at two o’clock.
6/ What time do you go to bed?
I go to bed at half past nine.
17
Ordinal numbers
1
1st
first
2
2nd
second
3
3rd
third
4
4th
fourth
5
5th
fifth
6
6th
sixth
7
7th
seventh
8
8th
eighth
9
9th
ninth
10
10th
tenth
11
11th
eleventh
12
12th
twelfth
13
13th
thirteenth
14
14th
fourteenth
15
15th
fifteenth
16
16th
sixteenth
17
17th
seventeenth
18
18th
eighteenth
19
19th
nineteenth
20
20th
twentieth
21
21st
twenty-first
30
30th
thirtieth
40
40th
fortieth
50
50th
fiftieth
60
60th
sixtieth
70
70th
seventieth
80
80th
eightieth
90
90th
ninetieth
100
100th
one hundredth
1,000
1000th
one thousandth
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What’s the date today?
Wed, Feb.6th = Today is Wednesday, February the ninth.
Sun, Aug.1st = Today is Sunday, August the first.
Sat, Sept.3rd = Today is Saturday, September the third.
Mon, Dec. 22nd = Today is Monday, December the twenty-second.
Tue, May.21st = Today is Tuesday, May the twenty-first.
Thur, Jan. 20th = Today is Thursday, January the twentieth.
Fri, Jul 31st = Today is Friday, July the thirty-first
Sample Writing
This is my dream house. It’s in Tangier. There are three large bedrooms, two nice living rooms, a lovely dining room, a modern kitchen, a new bathroom and beautiful garden.
I like my dream house very much because there is a wonderful swimming pool and a wide courtyard.
**********************************
Remark: draw your dream house
Prepositions
In / on / under / next to / between
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